Solids are one of four basic states of matter. They are composed of molecules that are tightly packed and contain the least amount of kinetic energy. In addition, solids are characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to force applied to their surfaces. Here, we will explore the properties and classification of solids. And, to round off the picture, you’ll learn about their applications. Listed below are some common uses and applications of solids. Interested in learning more about solids?
Properties
Solids are the physical objects that have a fixed shape and volume. Unlike liquids, they do not change shape and occupy a fixed volume. Solids are composed of particles that are tightly bound together and are not subject to fluidity or diffusion. Their properties also differ from liquids and gases. These differences stem from the way that the particles are organized. Below are a few of the most common properties of solids. All matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms.
Composition
Generally speaking, the elements and compounds in a solid are similar across the entire material. Physical properties such as odor, color, volume, melting and boiling points, heat capacity, and physical form at room temperature are conclusive evidence of its chemical composition. For example, crystalline silica SiO2 and alumina Al2O3 are the main constituents of granite. The other elements that make up granite are silicon and oxygen.
Classification
Solids are classified by their atomic arrangements and geometrical aspects of crystalline structure. Amorphous materials, such as glass, are not solids, but have some properties common to all the three. On the other hand, crystalline materials are solids with a regular atomic arrangement. Crystals are generally more stable than amorphous materials, and are usually categorized into two types: single-crystalline and polycrystalline. However, their properties are not identical.
Applications
Solid surface can be used for a wide variety of horizontal applications, from kitchen countertops to commercial food preparation areas. In addition to kitchen counters, solid surfaces are ideal for desktops, workstations, window sills, laboratory bench tops, and bar tops. It is also an excellent choice for flooring, signs, shower walls, and wall cladding. Industrial products made from solid surfaces can be everything from custom sinks to cabinetry and lamps.
Applications of solids
Solids are particles of matter that are incompressible. This means that their constituent particles are close together and that their space is inconsequential. Despite this, solids are still rigid and possess a precise mass. They are also very portable, as they take up space only as large as their mass. The characteristics of solids make them useful for many different applications. Here are a few of them. (See more on these solids below.)